Antidiabetic Agents and Endothelial Dysfunction - Beyond Glucose Control

Glucose supply and insulin demand dynamics of antidiabetic agents.

BACKGROUND For microvascular outcomes, there is compelling historical and contemporary evidence for intensive blood glucose reduction in patients with either type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is also strong evidence to support macrovascular benefit with intensive blood glucose reduction in T1DM. Similar evidence remains elusive for T2DM. Because cardiovas...

Beyond Glucose Control

The number of diabetic patients is increasing at an alarming rate and, according to the World Health Organisation, is estimated to reach 300 million worldwide by the year 2025. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in these patients. Diabetic patients are 2 to 3 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease, and they experience worse clinical outcomes after coronary artery ...

Moving beyond tight glucose control to safe effective glucose control

The impressive benefits related to the use of tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy have not been reproduced until now in multicenter large-scale prospective randomized trials. Although the reasons for these failures are not entirely clear, we suggest the use of a stepwise approach - Safe, Effective Glucose Control - that will essentially target an intermediate blood glucose level....

Antidiabetic agents and vascular events.

One step beyond: glutathione peroxidase and endothelial dysfunction.

Much evidence supports the role of increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. The increased activity and expression of the reduced nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase observed in hypertensive populations have implicated the superoxide anion as one of the main species responsible. This view has been sup...